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oal.5
=>
oal.5
ԫ
12
ԫ
ԫ
oal-6b.jpg
ѽ
oal.6
(
*
)
ӿ ( ӿ ߿)
Ἷ
ӫѡ
1895
ѡ ӫѡ
7
ߴ ӫѡ
6
ԫ ӫѡ
ѽ
տӿ
ԫ
[
1
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[
2
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[
3
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[
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[
5
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[
7
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[
8
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տӿ ӿ (). ެѡ
տӿ ӿ ()
.ӿ
.ӿ , 1949.
տӿ ӿ (), .ެѡ, ..ǽѬ ߬
տӿ ӿ (), 1959.
տӿ ӿ (), .ެѡ
ӿ ߫ Ե
[
1922.
]
[
1922-1927.
]
[
1927-1928.
]
[
1928-1935.
]
[
ѵ 1930- - 1940- .
]
[
1948-1955.
]
[
1955-1971.
]
ẫ
ӽ߬ ế
1913
ɫ һ߬ Ѽ, ٽ ѡ Ѯ.
-ߵ ҡ߽ ߿ү , ٮ ѽӿ,
ߴ, ٽ ټ, Ѻټ, ѡ Ἣԫѽټ. Ѽ
ٽ ߫ ѽ, ٺ ӿ Ѯ. Ѽ
1- ӽ߬ ế ߫Դ. ӫ
ѽ ߫, ߿ի, ԫӿ Ҽӡټ Ҭ.
ế߬ ѽ Կ , ߽, ӫ .
ế 1913. ԫ ӿѽ ԿѡѮ ӫѡ
ẫ.
߬߬ ҡ߿, ԫӿ-߬ ҽ
1920
Կ Ҫ Ӵѡ ѡѮ , ӿ ߿
ѡ ߫ѡ ѽ߬ ừѮ. ū ӿ
" ߴ, ԫ ӿ , ߽ , ,
ԫ Կ Ѽ ӿߡߴ."
1916. ĻԿ ١
ӵ, ԫ ٽ ԫ Ѽ, ǡԫ Ѭӿ,
, ԫ ѵ .Ѭӿ. ū߽ .ӿ ӿ,
", ԫ ߬ .Ѭӿ Ҫ , Ὣ , ߽
߬ӫ Ҽ." ԫӿ-߬ ҽ ߬߬ ҡ߿,
ӿ ѵӫߴ ߿ի, ٽ ѡ. ߬߬
ӿ ӿ ߡ Ӭ Կѽ 쿬 ѡ, ӫѮ,
ԫѽѼ ԫӫ ٽ .ǽѬѮ , ԫӫ ߴ. ١
.ǽѬѴ .Ѽ ټ, ӿ ի Ҫ, ӫ-
ߴ . Ѽ Ѽѡ ӿ Ѻ ĻԿ, ߴ ߫ ӵѼ
ѽ Ѻ ߽ѡ. ᬫ ҡ߿ 1920., ӿ ӡҽߴ
ѽ
Ҫѡ
ѽ, ߬ Կ
䫽
ѻѽ
1920
1922
Ѭ ߿ի ӿѡ Ѭԫ Կ, ԡ
ѡ-ԫ ..諡
ѽ, ߬ѡ߬ Ӭ
䫽
Ѭ Ӭ-ӿի߬ ߫
1920
1922
ѽ
1922
ԫ ߡ, ӿ ۴Կ Ӭ ѡѮ.
ᬽѡ
ѽ, ԯ
1922
1922
ᬽѡ ӽ߬ү ԯ, ӫѽ Կ ߴ. ٻѡ
Ѽ ҽ
Ҫѡ
߬, I- ѽٮ ߿ի߬ Կ
䫽
ٮ ߫
1922
1924
߬ ӿѡ ӫ߫ ѽᡫ ԫ ԫ
ߡᡡ Կ Ҽѡ Ѯ. ԫ Կ
-߿իӫ Ѯ ǽѬӫ 쿬Կ (ڿ ѻ߬ );
ߴ ӿ߫ ի ԫ ӫѮ
߬, ߬ ᡵ Ӭӫ
䫽
ٮ ߫
1924
ġ ٽ ѡ, ߴ ӫѼἿ ݬӿѡ
߿ի ԫߴ ڿ ᵿ. ѡ ٽ Ҫ ạѡ. ӿ ӿ
ӵ ߽ѡѼ. .Ѭӿ ߬:" ѻ ԫ -
ߴ ᬫ Ӭ 쿬 ѡ". ٮ ٽ ѽѡ. .
, ԫӫ ӿ ߽ ӵ, ế ߫ѡ ԫ, ԫ ӫ߿
ѡ Ѫѡԫ ѽѬ ߬, ԫ ӵ .
ӿ ӿ, ѵ Կ: "ᪿ : ѻ߬ ѡ". ɫѽ
ӿ ѡѼ Կ Ѽ ѡ ߽ ١
߿ѽ
Ҭѡ
ᬫ
1927
ѡ
21
ߴ
4
ԫ
߬߬ ., .ѽ, Ӭ Կѽ 쿬
ԫ Ҭ
տѻ߬ ꡡѡԿ ߬
Ҫѡ
߬, Ӭ .쿬 ӵ ѡ
ᬫ
1927
ѡ
21
ߴ
4
1928
ѡ
21
ߴ
7
Ҭѡ
Ѯ
1928
ѡ
21
ߴ
7
ԫ Ҭ
ѻ߬ ӻի߬ ѡ (ᡫ߬)
.ӿ ѡ ߬, ߡ ᮫ .߬, Ѽ Žڿ
Ҫѡ
߬, Ӭ .쿬 ѡ
ѡ
1928
ѡ
21
ߴ
7
ӫ
߬, ߡӼѮ߬ ., 131
1931
ѡ
16
ߴ
2
߬
1931
ѡ
16
ߴ
2
Ҫѡ
諽
30
/04
/1931
ѡ
"ߴ ԡ Կ߫߬ ᵿ, ߫ԫѮ ѽ ҽ"
.5811
ӿ
5
һ ѽ
"ѽ .ӿ . ߬, 1931."
ᬽѡ
߬, ߬ ԯ
1931
ߴ
2
1931
Ӫߴ Ѽ ӿѽ ᬽѡ
߬ ., .ߡ߬, Ѽ Ѽӫ߬ ., .
1931
1935
ӫ .ߡ߬, ٽ ѡ
ӿ, ߬ ի. ٽ ٽ ѡ Դѽ, ߫ѡ
ѡ ٽ . Ѭԫ ӫ Ҽ.
Ѭ Ӵ ѽ ի Ѯ .ӿ, ӿ ӫ
ӫ, ᡡ ᪿ, Ӵ Ѭٮ (Ѯ ٽ
60 ). 黫߽ ߫ӫ Ἣ Ѯ Կ. ߿߬ ٽ
.ӿ Կ ᬫ ĻԿ ١ ӫᬫ ´. ӿ-
ӡٮ ѽ ѽ ӿ, Ѽ , ѽ
ԫ; ӿ ս .ӿ, Ѽ
. ӫ ٽ ߫ѡ
ӫ
ѽ
1938
Ӵ .ӿ ѽ ѡ ߽ټ, ߴ ӫ߫ .
忽 ӽ ӫ, ӿ ӫ
ӫ߽߬ ., .߬
1938
1938. Ӵѡ ߬, ӫ 10 .
ѡ ڡѮ ٽ ӿ ӫ. ԫ ٽ Կ .
.ӿ ڿ ٽ ի Ѯ . .
߽Ҫ .
Ѭԫӫ Ѽ .߬ 髽 20 ӫ
.. ġ ѻ, 1941. ٽ ߽ . , ߿
ѡ , . ѵ ߬ ԫ, ԫ ߬ӫ
Ҽ; ߬ ٽ , .ӿ Կ
Һ ԫ 1950., Ҫ ߽Ҫ ; Ի ԫ
Ӭ տѮ߬ ެѡ
Ҫѡ
Ѭ, ., .ѻ Ѫ߬
Ѯ, ӫԫѮ ( 19.05.1953)
䫽
ٮ ߬ ( 15.10.1948), ԫѽ ( 16.03.1950)
1948
ѡ
15
ߴ
9
1953
ѡ
15
ߴ
6
1948. .ӿ Ὣ ߽Ҫ Ԭԫ, ӿ Ǻ ٬
ӿ (ӫ) ެѡ߬, ԫٮ իѽ , ߽
߬ ѼӴѡ .ӿ ٽ ạѡ . ԫ ӫ
ɫ ӫ, ԫٮ ٽ ߫ѡټ Ѽ .ӿ, .. ᪡
߫Կ ߫ .
ٽ ѽ Ѽѵ տ, ٽ ڡټ ߿ټ. ӫ ߬ӫ
.ӿ, Ὣ ڿߴ. ӿ .
Կ, ټ ҬѽѼ ԫ .ӿ .
ս, ӿի , ԡ߿ߴ ӫ, ߬ ߽ѡ.
ٽ Կ ѡ, ѽѬ ߫ӫ; .ӿ ѡ
߬. ƴѽ ٽ .ӿ ѡ . Ѽ ߽Ҫѡ
ٽ ѡ . ꬫ ӿ 쿬 櫬
(տ ҽ) ѡἿ; ߽ ѽ ᬪ, ӫ
߫ ӫ- .
.ӿ ᮡ ߡѡ ڡ ߽: ѡ Ԭ, ԫӫ
ԫ . ӫ ԫ, Ѽ ӿ ѡ
ѡ, ѡ ѡڿ-. .
.ӿ ӿߡߴ ӿ ߬: "߽, .ӿ,
ѽ , ԫ Ӻ", ӿѽ ԫ ٮ ӿ
ѽ
ެѡ, ѡ߬ ٮ ߫
ӫԫѮ
䫽
ѽ ެѡ߬ ѻտ ߫ ( 31.12.1954), ԫѽ ( 30.08.1955)
1953
ѡ
15
ߴ
6
1955
ѡ
8
ߴ
10
տѻ߬ Ӽѡ, ạѡٮ ެѡ߬ү ߽ ٬ ӿ,
.ӿ ѽ ެѡ.
Ἣ ߽Ҫѡ Ѽ ٽ ѡ Կ ӫ߽. ӿѽ ԯެ
, ԫ ߫ѡ ѫիټ ӿ ѡ
ӫ߽. Ѽټ ӿѼἿ . ᬿ ߽,
ԫ ӿի , ߽ ߫ѽ Կ. ٽ
Ѯ, Ԭ, Ҽѽ Կ ѡ , ԫ
ѽѬ. Ѯ ԯެ ӿ իԴ Ԭ ߽. ū ߬ѡ,
߽ ӡѮ ߽Ҫ, ӫ Ѽ Ѯ, ٮ
ӫѡ, ߬ ѡ , ӿ ߽
Ե, ߬ ѽ ӫԴ Կ .
ġ ӿ ӫ, ԫӫ, ӫ .ӿ ի Ԭ Ѯ.
Ѽ ӿ ҽӡ .ӿ, ӫ
ԡѡ ߽Ҫѡ: ԯެ ٻ . Կ ӿ
Ѯ . ի ӿ .ӿ [
2
]:
" , .ӿ ٽ ӫ. Ѽ ѡ Ѫ.
ѡ ٽ . ԫ , Ҵ ߫,
ի , -ԫ Ѻ , ߫ ߡԿ.
ԫ , ӫի Ѻ . Ἷ .ӿ,
ѡ ߽ѡү, һѡ ߫, ѡ
ᮬ ᡡټ ӿ. , ޡ, ԫ
Ѯ Կ Ѯ, իѮ Ѻ .ӿ. ߴ .ӿ ѡ
! 欫 ٽ ߬Ѯ, , ѺѮ, ߡ ӫի
ٽ ѡѼ !" .ӿ ӿ Ѯ . ġ ,
ԫ ѡ, ԫ , .. ڡ
ἫἽѡ; ߴ ߫
Ѽ ѡ. ү , ӿ .ӿ, ѽ .ᡡ ӫ߬,
ԫٮ ѻѡ ѽ ѽѬ ߬ ԫ ѻߴ.
ѽ Ѽ: ӿ Ѯ ߴ ѽѬ.
1954. .ӿ ٽ ạѡ ѽѼ ެѡ߬ տ
Ҭѡ
ӫ
ӿ
1955
ѡ
7
ߴ
10
ԫ
ެѡ
ԫ Ҭ
տѻ߬ ެѡ߬ Ӽѡ (⫽)
ū ѻ , Ѽ ѡڡ ѡ ߫ߴ ӿ
.ӿ. 佴 Կ Ѽ ٽ ٺ үڿ ߫ Ѯ ѻտ, իڿߴ
ӿի. ٬ Ӽѡ, ӿ ӿ, ѡ ѡ, ӿ-
ѡ ߽ ߬: " ѡ ѡ ӿ ӿ .ӿ, ߯
ٽ , ߬ "
տӿ
1955
ѡ
26
ߴ
11
ԫ
ެѡ
ԫ Ҭ
տѻ߬ ެѡ߬ Ӽѡ (⫽) (?)
٬ Ӽѡ .ӿ ѻ߬ Ѻ ߬,
ѡټ Կ ѡ տӫԫ, ߬ Կ
ӫԿ. ѡѼ ެѡ .ӿ Կ ѻ ,
ӫѽ ѡѽٮ ݻ. ӿ ի .ӿ ѻ Ѵ,
߽Ҫߴ ѡ, ߽Ҫڿ ӫ ѽ , ԫ Ἣ.
Կ .ӿ ӿߴ ӫ ѻ Ѵ, ѽ
, ԫ ߴ ԫӫ ӫ. ӫ :
߫ Ѽ ӫ Ӵҽ " Կ, ", ߽ ӿߴ
տѮ. ū ߬ ի ١, ԫ ӿ ԫޡѼ Ӭ ѡ
ѻ߬, ԫ ߴ, ԫ ѽ ԫ
ٽ ߽
Ҫѡ
ެѡ, ѡ߬ ٮ ߫
տӿ
䫽
ٮ, ѽ ެѡ߬ ѻտ ߫, ԫѽ
1955
ѡ
26
ߴ
11
1957
ѡ
24
ߴ
8
Կ .ӿ Կ ߽ѻ . 4.01.1956 ٽ
ѡ ᡡѮ , 1957. ᡡѮ ԫѽ
߫ ѡѼ ߽ ӿ ạѡѼ ի
ѻտ. ի ѻտ .ӿ ߴ Ἣ . ġ
Ӽ ѵ. ѡ , ԫ .ӿ ế߬
ѻտ ӫѡ ĻԿ߬ . ѡ , ԫ
ٽ ѽѼ , ѽѼ ѡ ѽ ӿԿ߬
Ѵѽ . ԡ ߽ ӫӽԿ, իԴ .ӿ ߴ ߬-
ԫ.
ԯެ ӿ, ԫ ӿԿ ի ߿ѽ, ԫ
ѽѬ, ѡ, ѡ ⫽. ԫ ߫
Ѽ ӫ ӿ , ѫի, ԫ ӿԿ ٽ
, ٮ , ѡ. "ѡ ߫ ӵѼ
ѬӿѼ ٽ ӫ", ӿ .ӿ. ӿ ᬪ, ԫ
ٽ ѽ: Կѽ Կ Ӵ ѡ ӵ
Ѭӿ, ԫ Կ߬ ừ
ѡ ԫӫ Ҭѡ
ѡ
1958
Ѽ ѡ
Ѯ ӿ ǽѬ߿
Ҭẫ Ѯ .ӿ ٽ ᡫ ߫ ӿ
Ԭ ߬
諡
1971
ѡ
11
ߴ
11
ԫ
ެѡ
ԫ իӫѡ
ެѡ, ߬ ߽
߽ .ӿ ߿ ߽ѽ; ӫ Կ ߽ѻ,
, , ߫, ԫ ,.
10 Ӵ 1971. ի, , , ٽ ѡѮ
ӡѮ ߽Ҫ, ߽ ԫӫ ԫӪѡ ԫ
. ѽѡ ѽѽ ѽѿ. ѡ
ӫ. 䫼 ߫ ӫ߿ ӫ Ҭᡡ ԫ
ѡ Կѽ Կ Ӵ, ߽ ӿ, ԫ ѽѬ
ӿ Ѻ . Ѭԫ ѽѡ ټ ҿѮ,
ڿ ټ. ġ ӿ ԫ ߫ӫѡ
߽ Ѯ. Կ ӵ, ڿ ѽ߬ү.
ԫ ٽ ߽ ߽ ԯެ. ߽ ѽ .
ӫ 11 Ӵ Ѽ Ὣ ի Ѽ, ӫ߿ ӿү
߬ իү ѡ 髽տ ٺ "߬ү". ԫ ٽ ٻѡ,
ѡ ߿ѽ ѽ. ҽ ѻѡ ߽ѽ ᬫѵ ߫Ѽ Ѻ.
ԫ .
.ӿ ߬ ѽ ެѡ үڿ ߫ ߬
߽ѺἿ ѡ߬ ٮ ߫ ӫԿߴ
Ѽ. ѡ, Ѻ Ԭ,
, ߬ ѻ߬ Žԫ, "ޫ ի ӫ".
ѡ ἴԡѬ Ὣ .
13 Ӵ ѻ߬ Žԫ ެѡ߬ -Ǻ߬ ߫ һү
Ի ߬ . ūիӫ .ӿ Ѭ
ǽѬӫ-߬ ߫ Ѯ ӿ " ߬ڿ
".
ū ѡ [
3
] ԫ Ѽ ԫ ޫ ԫѡٮ ԿѼ,
Ἣӡٮ Ἣӡٮ , ԫ ߬.
իѡ Ѯ Ӵ . ἴ .ӿ ߫ Կߴ,
߬, ެѡ. 11 Ӵ ,
Ѯ ޫ ѻտ Ѭ, , Ӭѡ ߽Ҫߴ
տ
ᵿ
04/11/1958
Ѽ Կӫ
ټ ѽ ի
ū ѻ߿
1931
ᵿ
1.
տӿ ӿ (). ߿ѽ Ѽټ; Ѯ. ., 1995.
2.
߬ 쿬Կ// ߬߬ ӡ. 1996. N 2. .4149.
3.
ѽ .. ӿ // ѡ. 1998. . N 19. .12.
ѽ
1.
Ѫ ӿ
2.
ի
3.
ӫ߬ӡ Ѽѡ
䫬Ҽѡ
1.
տ ެѡ߬ տ ѡ. ū߽Ҫ ߫ տӿ ӿ ()
2.
. .-41650.
(
*
)
߬ " ӿ ", , . 1997., 698.
(c) . ҽ