ѽ (ӫ ߿)
Ἷ
ӫ
ӫѡ
1894
ѡ ӫѡ
11
ߴ ӫѡ
1
ԫ ӫѡ
߬ ., ԫӪ߬ . (ѡ߬ .), .ߴ
ӫ
ɫߴ Ѽ ѡ ӿԫӫѡ߬ ѡ߬ Ӭ .ƫӪ
߿ ߿ ӫ. 꼴 ӿ ǡ ᡫ.
ٽ ѡ ԫ ừԫ (ѡ ѽ ߴ
16/29 Ӵ, ߫ߴ ѡ ԡټ ӿ ừԫ).
Ѽ ٽ ӫ Ѯ. ӫԫѮ ´ ߿ ӫ,
ǽѬ ߿ ӫ (߽ ѻ߬ ѡἿ).
ѡ ߿ ӫ
ɫ
1
ѻ߬
ѡἿ (ӫ ǽѬ ߿)
2
ӫԫѴ
ӫ ´ ߿
3
ի
ԡ (ԫ) ӿ 쿬
ԫ
[
1
]
[
2
]
[
3
]
ӫ ѽ (ӫ)
ӫ ѽ (ӫ) ԯ
߿ ӫ (ԫ) ừڿ ߫ ԫӿἿ, Ѫ 1917. 1923.
[
1923.
]
[
1923-1933.
]
[
1933-1937.
]
[
1937-1944.
]
[
1944-1991.
]
ẫ
߬ ի Ѽӿ
Ĭ ߬ү իү Ѽӿ. 1915. һ 꼻ԫ߬ү ӫ߬ү
իү ǬѼ
꼻ԫ߬ ӫ߬ ի ǬѼ
һѡ
1915
ᬫ ٮ ǬѼ , ѡԫ ߬-ԫӿ߬ һ,
15 ԴӴ 1916. ٽ ӿ ѡү ߽Ҫ ԫӪ߬ Ѻټ ߬
ӿѼ. Ӵ 1917. ߽ѡ Ӽ 1- ԫѽٮ
쿪ӫ߬ ٮ ѡ 2- ߬߬ү ެ ԫ
ừڿ ի. 25 ὴ 1917. ӿ ӿߴ 27 ٽ ӫѡ
ừڿ ạѡ 57- իԡٮ ߡ ӿ
ӫ
1917
ѡ
25
ߴ
5
ٽ ѡ 289- 鴺
漫ѡ߬ ., .鴺
1917
ѡ
25
ߴ
5
1918
ѡ
9
ߴ
12
16 ѡԴӴ 1917. ѡ 51- իԡٮ 11 ӫ. ԫ Ѽ
ٺ ӫ 䫡, ӿԫӿ, ӿѪү
ѽټ, ԫ ӫԿ . Ѭԫ ԫ 鴺,
ѽ ի ԫӫ ߫߬ Կ. ߿ Ԭߴ
- , ԫӫ ѽ ӫԿ ߫߬ Կ һ,
ߡ ԫ .
鴺 ߿ ٽ ߫߬ ѻԫ, ߬ ٽ
ѡ ߽Ҫ ѯڿ ѽ, 9 ѬӴ 1918. ٽ
ạѡ ӫ 3- ѽٮ իԡٮ ߡ
7- ެ
߬ ., .ެ
1918
ѡ
9
ߴ
12
ӿ Ի ӫ ٽ ѡ ի ѡԫ ạѼ,
ӡ ӿẫ Ӽ իӫү ᡫ ԡԿ
ᡫ. ѡ Ѯ
1923
1923. ӿ ߿ ٽ ެ ߫ ѽӫѽѼ.
ԫ Ѽߴ. 1922. ߿ ߬ ѽ
ӿ . ġ ٽ ᬫ ѻ߬ ѫ (ѡ߬).
߬ ѫ ߡ ߴ տѻ߬ ѫӫ (ū߬), ԫѽѼ
Ӵ ߬, 1923. ѽ ߿
Ҭѡ
ѽ
1923
ԫ
߬,
ūӿѡ Կ ѡѼ ѽ ѻ Ѯ߬,
ἴ 15/28 Ӵ ߬߬
ӫ
Ҫѡ
߬,
ӫ
1923
1928
ѽ ߽ һ իӫ .
ԫ Ѽ Կ ٽ ߫Ѽ : ٽ ٮ.
. ٽ Դ, ԫټ ӫի Ὣ ߬ Կ.
黫߽ ӫԫ Ѽ (߬ѡ߬). .ѽ Ѭߡټ
ӿԫ, ԫ ѡڡ Ѯ, ԫӫ ٽ ѽѻٮ
ѡ, ߽ Ѽ. Ѽ ٽ Դѽ: ӿ ߿Ὣ
ѡ Ӭ, ԫ ѽ ߫ իѡ, ѻ߬, ѡ
Ӵ ߫ ᡡ ߫߬ ѡ.
ߴ ԫ ߽, ߫ѡԿ
߽ ӿ ƿի. տѻ߬ ѫ ԫ ӿѺ ѻ߬,
߬ Կ Ἷ ѡἿ, ԫ Ѯ
ӫѼ Ӭ , ٬ ߴ ԫӿԫ Ӵ Ѯ
Կ ߫-ի ߬Կ߬ . ի ٽ ѽٮ
ѵ տӿ ѫ (ӫ), Ѽ ߬߬
իѡ Ӵ, ի Ҭ ٽ ѡ .ѽ. ū߽
. ٽ һѡ իӫ . .ѽ
Ѯ ӫӽ. ӿ, , Ѽ ᡬ ӿᡡټ ӿἿ,
Ӵ, . .ѽ ѽѽ ӫ߿ Ҫ. 黫߽
Ԭٽ, ԫ Ѭ ѡڿ ᬫ Կ ӿ, ѽ ӿ
.
߬, ߬
1929
ѡ
28
ߴ
10
Կ Ӵ .ѽ ٽ ԫ. տѻ߬ ѫ ٽ
ԫ Ҫ , Ѽ ѡ ԡ, ԫ ԫ,
ٽ, ٽ һ ٬ ѫ ѻ߬, ԫ ӿѺ
߽Ҫ . ѻ߬ ѡ, ߽ ߽Ҫ
Կߴ ӿի ӿ ӡټ ߫Ἷ ߫ ڿԿ
( ԡԿ, ߬ , ԫٮ իѽ Կ ߬), .. ԫ ѽ
ӿի ạ ߿, ڿ , ԫ . ԫ ٽ
ԫ, ѽٮ Ӵ ի Ӵ
Ҫѡ
߫ ӿ 諽
23
/11
/1929
ӿ
3 ٽ
һ ѽ
"ѽ ߬ Ӵ ѻ.ѡѼ (Ӵ߬). ߬, 1929."
ū "ѽ ߬ Ӵ" ӫի: տӿ
(), տӿ ƿի (ὴ), ѻ߬ ѡ (Ӵ߬), Ҽѡ
߿ (ӿᡫ), ᬫ ⫽ ǽѬӫ ߬ Ӵ,
11 ѽѬ.
ѽ . ѡ ӫԬ, ߫Ӫ ԫ ӫԬ ӫԫ ӫ
14 Ӵ 1929. . ӫ߿ ԫ, ԫ ӿ ӫ ѻ߬
ѡ, Կ: " һ իӫ, ү, ԫ
ԫ, ԫ ӿ ԫ ӫ. Ѭ. Ҫ ѡ
: ԫ- ߴ".
ѡ ԫᡡټ ѡ ԫ, ԫ ߬
Ҫ ٽ ѡѪ Ҽ ԫᡡټ տѻ߬ ѫ, տӿ
ѫ (ӫ) .
ᬽѡ
߬, ߬ ԯ
1929
ѡ
28
ߴ
10
1929
ߴ ԫ ߽ .ѽ ӫѽ Ӭ, Ѽ ٽ ߽ ừ
. ٽ ۴ѡ ӿ, ԫ տӿ 濼ѫ (ӫ)
ٺ ӿ ѫԿԫ ԫ, 28- ԡѮ ެ ӿ,
ԫ ٽ իټ ., ӫ߿: " ߫߿ ߽
.? ߽ ԫ , ". ӿ ѫԿԫ
߫߿. ƫ .濼ѫ ٺ ӿ ߽ ..
ӿ 쿬 ӿ Ѫӿ ߬ , ԫ ߽,
ӿѺ . ᬽѡټ . ū߽
ѽ . ᬽѡ, ԫٻ߬
. Ὣ ԫ ߫ Ѻ ҽߴ ԫ.
ᡬ ٽ ߽, ᬽѡ ᡫ
ᬫ- ٽ ԯ. ٮ . ӿ ᬪ
Ѻ ӫ߽ ᬽѡ ԯ. Ҫ ٽ Ѫӿ ,
ԫ ߽ ԻѼ ߬ ԫ Ѻ, ԫӫ Ѻ
.. ӫ ԯ. ūԫ ӿٽ . ᡵ
諬 Ѻ ᡴ .Ǭ߬. ӿ
Ѫ ᡴ ߪ .
, .Ǭ߬
1929
1933
Ǭ߬ .ѽ ӿ ѽ ѡ . Ѻ Ѭԫӫ
Ѽ ᬫ ԡټ ѡ .ԿѼ 諡ԯ, ԫٮ
ᬽѡټ, ԫ Ǭ߬ ٽ ѡ . ߬ .ѽ
ᮡ ߫ . ӿ Ѭ ӫ, ѽ, .
.ѽ ӿ 쿬 ӫٽ ٽ 3 , ӫ ӫ
Ǭ߬ 1 .
ūԫ 1970- .ѽ ٽ : " Ǭ߬ ѡ
ѽ, ѡ ٽ ѡ ի ѽ. Ѯ ٽ : ѽ .
ӫ 50 ߫, ԫ 50 ߫, ߫, ߡѪ.
ӿ 쿬 Ѭߡ ٻ, ӡ ,
Ѵ Ѯ ٬. ġ ѡ ᪿ ߴ ѺѮ, ԫ ѡ ٽ
ѡ . ѯ ᡫ: ի, , , ԫ
ѡ, . ߬, "
ӫ
߬ (߬) ., .ѡ
1933
ӫ߽߬ ., .ɫԫ
Ҫ߬ ., .Ὣӫ߽ѵ
1936
1938
.ѽ ӡҽߴ 1933. ҽټ ẫ .ѡ,
ɫԫ, Ὣӫ߽, : Ӵ, Ѻٽ, ᬫѵ, .
ӿ 쿬 ߬, .ѽ ٽ ߬ ү
Կ, Ѻ , ӿ .ѽ, ٮ Ὣ
߽. ġ ٽ ӫӽټ: ߡ ,
ٽ .
1937. ٽ Ҫѡ ѽ " "ꡫ߬ ߬ Ӵ",
Ѽ տտӿԫ 濼ѫ (ӫټ) տѻ߬ ѫӫ (ū߬)".
ū ԫ ѽ ٽ ԫᡫ ٽ ѻ߬ իѡ.
ӫ (ӫ) ᬪ ӿѬ ԫ ѽ, ԫ
, .. ߬ߴ.
ԫᡡ ѽ ߬ һ
(ѽ -5328 տ ߬ ., ѽ -8151 ԫ տ .).
ӿ Կ ѽ ѯߴ ѫԡ һ ӫ (ӫ).
ѽ -5328 ( Ѽ ٽ Ҫѡ 16 ѽѬ):
"...ᡫѡ, ԫ ӿԫӿ ߬߬ . Ӵ ᮫ ᡫ߬ .
/ ᵿ Ӭ , ..
"ӫ߿߬ ꡫ߬ ", Ѽ տѻ߬ ū߬
տӿԫ ӫټ һ ߽ޡ ߬߬
߬ Ӵ ߡ / Ӽ ٽ ѻ߬, ԡ
ѡѼ "Կ ߽ Ӭ"...
ٽ ߫ / һ Ѯ ᵿ, ѡ .,
"ޡ ѽ Ӭ" ("߬", "ѽ" ..)...
.Ὣӫ߽ ߬ ѽ / һ, ԫ
տӿἿ 櫽ټ ūӻ, ټ ᡫ ӫի
ӫ".
ᬪ ԫ ѽ ߴ :
"ѡ:
15/IV -1937.
.ᡫ.
" 1). ӫիڿ ѽ ӫ .., ū߬ .., ѡѡ ..,
Ѭѡ .., ѽ .., ԡ .., ǽѬ ..,
.., ⫽ .. ӿ ѽѡ ߫ ӫ.
2). 櫽 ūӻ, ӫ ѽ ӿѬߴ
ѡԿ Ἣԫѽ ѽ ߬ .
3). ѡ ѽ ѽ ѻ߬ / ߫Ӫ
ӿߴ ߫ټ ԫ.
. 3 ѽѡ IV ѽ
Ѯѡ ѺߡԿ // ".
ѽ -8151 ӫ ѽ "ҬѽѼ / һ ߽ޡ
ѻ߬ ū߬ ߬ Ὣ-ӫ߽".
ᡫ ᬪ, ԫ "ѵ Ҫѡ ӫ߫ ߫
/ ᵿ" 1934. ӿѺ ߬ ɫԫ ѻ߬
ѫ (ū߬), "Կߴ տӿἿ 櫽ټ, ټ".
տӿ 濼ѫ (ӫ) ., ӫի ѽ -8151 ٽ ѽ
ӫ
߬ (߬) ., ., ҽ., 16
1939
1939. .ѽ ߬, ԫ Ѽ ӿ ᡫ.
ӿ 쿬 ߬, ԫ . , ԫ ߫
, ߬, . ӫ߿, ԫ ߴ.
.ѽ ߬: "߽ ӡ, ԫ ү",
߬ ., .
1939
ѡ
7
ߴ
6
Ҫѡ
߫ ӿ
29
/10
/1939
.5810 .2, 5811
ӿ
8
ӿ . ѻ߬ ҿ (Ѽ߬), ԫӫ
Ѽ ӿѽ ӫԿ . ӫ.
.ѽ ߽ѽ ѡ Կ߫߬ Կ߬ ѴѽԿ
ߴ ѡ: "ԫ ߴ , ԫ ٽ ߫
, ԫ Ӫ Ѫ ԫ, ԫ Կ
ѽټ Ѫѡ"
ᬽѡ
߬, ѡ ԯ
1939
ѡ
8
ߴ
6
1939
ѡ
23
ߴ
8
߬, ԫ߬ ԯ
1939
ѡ
23
ߴ
8
1939
ѡ
10
ߴ
11
߬, ߬ ԯ
1939
ѡ
10
ߴ
11
1939
ѡ
17
ߴ
11
ٽ ѡ ߬ү ԯ, Ҫѡٮ , ۴ѡ ᡫѡ.
17 Ӵ .ѽ ٽ ѽ ߿ѡټ Ѽ
ѽ
1939
ѡ
28
ߴ
11
1944
߽ ӿ Իѡ .ѽ ٽ ӿ ټ , ԫ
1940. ԫ ѡ Ԭ Ӫ. ѽ
Լѡ " ڿ". 黫߽ ӿ, ԫ
ߴ ټ ԫ Ӵ ԫ, ԫ ٽ ӡү .
1942 1943 ѽ . һ ߬ , ѽүڿ
Դѽ ߫ԫ ӫ: " Դѽټ ѿټ Ӽ
Ѭѡ߿ӫᡡ ӫ , ԫ , ѡ ѽѡ,
ӿ ԫ ". .ѽ իߴ ᵿ
-ӿ ߴ, ѽ ԫ , ԫ ԫӫ һ. 1942.
ᡫѡ ѡ Ҫѡ, ڿ ѿټ . ᬫ
. ԫӫ. ѡ ս ѡ
߿. , ᬿ-ԫ ẫ Ѯ Ὣ Կ
ӡ ѽ , , ѡ Ӽ Ҽѡ
Կ, .. Ҽ ԻԿ ᬿ-ԫ ҼѡἿ.
ԫ Ѽѡ ߴ ٮ ῡѡٮ ӿ .
ӫ
߬ ., . ( ӫ)
1944
ԫ ѽ ի ( ߬ѡѼ ӿ 쿬
- ᡬ-), ԫ ԫ ѡ, .ѽ իѽ
ѿԡټ.
.ѽ ٽ ѽ ߬ԫ, ԡ, ߴ, ѡ ӫ ,
ѽ. ߫ , Ҵ Ѭү
ӯ. Ӭ, ӿٽߴ Ѽ, - ٽ ӿ.
ѽ ū : " ѻ ի ". ѽ ū
. .ѽ ӿ߬ ӿ : ,
ѽ , ߬ , ѡѼ. ߿ ,
߽Ҫ Ѽ.
ӿ 쿬 ٽ ӿիᡬ .쿬 Һѵ. 1951.
ԫѽѼ ӫԫѮ , ӡߴ ߬
ݼᵿ ɫ߿. ӿ 쿬 Ѯ ߽Ҫѡ
߬ Ѽ .. Ĭ 1970- ߴ ѽ
, ߫ѡ ԡѡ . ., ѻ߬ ի .
. . ټ ӵѼ, ի, իԴ
ѽ. ԫ Ѽ ߽үڿ ߽ѡ . ߴ
Ѻ ӿ 쿬 ѡ ѽټ Ӵ ѡ
Ѽ. ſ ( ߫ ӿӡ 300400), ߫Ӫ Ҭ
Ѯ, ի ѡ . ӿ " ",
ᡫ ١Ѯ Ҭ ѡ. ġ ѽү
ԫ, ԫ .ѽ ѽٮ , ᬿ ếѽټ
իټ Ἷ, ԫ ߫ߴ Ѽ ѡ ѽ ԫ.
ġ ٽ ߫ѡ ӫӽ, , ԫ ӫի, ԫ ԫ Ҽ ѽ,
߬ , , ѡ ѡỿᡡ.
ѻ߬ Ѻ ٽ, Ὣ , ԫ ߴ
ٽ ., ٽٮ , ԫٮ ỿ
, Ѽ ԫ , ԫӫ ߴ, Ѽ ѡ, ѡ
, Ѽ ߴ . . ٽ ѡ ѽ ,
ӿ ԫ, Ҽ . ټ ӿ
߬ ٽ ߽ Ѯ, ԫ :
"ᬫ ". , ԫ ѻߴ, իӫޫ , ԫ ߽ ߽ߴ
߽ѡ ., ԫ , ӿ, իӫޫ.
ԫ, ԫ ӫ߿ ߽ߴ. ӿ 쿬 ӿ, ԫ .ѽ
, ի ԫӫ ߴ Ѭ ӿ 쿬. ٽ
. Ҫ ǡԫѼ. ὴ ƫ ԫ Ѻ ߬,
ӿ . , ỿ 쿬-Һѵ
ӫ . ԫ -ԫ ỿ߿ ѡ
ӫ ., ԫٮ ѡ ӫ Կ ӫ ԫ
߽.
ӿ ᡫѡ ߬߬ Ӵ, 1985. տӿ
Ӽ (߿), ߽Ҫ .Ѽԫ ټ ū
. 1939. , ԡ Ӵ
տӿ (漿ӡ) Ѻ . , Ѻỡ
߬ߴ, ӵ.
Ѽ 1989. .ѽ : "ѡ ӫ ӿ.
, ի Ҽ Կի, Ѻ ߴ Ѯ, Ѯ
Ҽ Ӵ Ѻ ߴ . ѡ ߯ ޡү
Կ Ѯ 1917. ѻ ԫ ߯ ӫү
, ӫ, ѽ, ҡԫ, ѻ ի
72 ..."
諡
1991
ѡ
6
ߴ
11
ߴ 98 , ᮡ, ᬪ ,
߬ߴ .ѽ Ӵ 1991. ƫٮ ѡ Ѯ , ԫ
ѡ ߫ڿ, һ ԫ ӫԿ Ѽ Ѽ
ԫ ӫѽ, ѻ Ѯ߬.
ի . ӿ Ѽ 6 Ӵ ѡ
Ѯ ӿ " ߬ڿ " ٮ ԫ ѡ ߫ߴ
߽Ҫ 쿬-Һѵ ѡ߽ҪѽѮ Ӵ
ᵿ
1.
.. . // ., - , 1995. 95.
2.
ӫ ѽ ӫ. 忺ѫ/ .ӫ. ӫ. .: ߽ٮ ԫ-ƿի߬ ߽߬ Կ, 2003.
ѽ
1.
ӫԫѮ ӫ
䫬Ҽѡ
1.
տ ߬ . .-5328.
(c) . ҽ